Participatory Urban Planning; Affordability of Monitoring
By Dr. Reza Aref
Abstract
Paying attention to the field of urban planning shows two contradictory models; one is the non-participatory model, which is a top-down approach, relies on the influence of political, scientific, and technical elites (engineers, architects, etc.); on the other hand, the participatory urban planning model which is a way of down-top management, establishing a mutual connection between the society masses and the managers, planners, specialists and designers, by sensitizing the masses and involving them mentally and emotionally; a connection leads to the participation of the masses and their serious, active, organized and institutional presence in all urban planning activities. The article seeks to provide evidence shows the participatory model has more capacious in preventing and combating corruption, in assisting the GIO in monitoring the affairs prosses goodness and in requesting answers from relevant executive bodies, than its competitor model. The model significantly reduces costs of monitoring and inspection; in other words, the model will lead to "Affordability of Monitoring" for the GIO.